Gerbils
Disease Conditions
Renal Disease
Old gerbils 2 1/2 to 4 years of age, often present with a history of weight loss, loss of muscle mass, poor appetite and lethargy. In addition, an increase in water consumption may be observed.
These are all signs consistent with renal disease in old gerbils. Treatment is only supportive in rodents, with emphasis on providing ample fresh, clean water and food at all times to prevent stress that may trigger full renal failure.

Neoplasia (Cancer or Tumors)
Gerbils have a relatively high incidence of cancer after they reach 2 years of age. The organ most affected is the ovary. Ovarian tumors are common in female gerbils with poor reproductive performance. They may present with early cessation of reproduction, decreased litter size or distended abdomens. All of these signs may also be present with cystic ovaries as well.

The skin is the second most affected site for tumors in the gerbil. Squamous cell carcinomas and melanomas are most frequently encountered. Melanomas gave a tendency to develop around the ear, foot or base of the tail.

The ventral marking scent gland is the third most common site of neoplasia. This gland is located in the mid-abdominal area. It is a hairless, oval tan structure, which tends to be more prominent in males. The gland produces an orange-colored secretion, which is used to mark territory. Tumors of this gland appear as “abscesses” on the abdomen. Usually the tumor is not malignant, but may have a secondary bacterial infection.

Many other organs may be affected by cancer, but much less often. Where possible, surgical intervention as early as possible is the treatment of choice.

Tyzzer’s Disease
The most commonly reported infectious disease of gerbils is Tyzzer’s disease, caused by Bacillus piliformis, a gram-negative bacteria that infects living cells. The disease causes a high death rate especially in young male gerbils. Clinical signs are nonspecific, primarily consisting of ruffled fur, lethargy, hunched posture and poor appetite. Diarrhea may also be present. The disease causes changes in the heart, liver, lymph nodes and digestive tract which can be observed at necropsy. Special stains of tissue samples from dead rodents can confirm diagnosis.

Treatment of affected colonies with tetracycline antibiotics in the drinking water may be of some benefit in an epidemic. Supportive care with fluid therapy is often necessary in affected animals.

Prevention is the key to this disease. High-level sanitation and minimal stress greatly reduces the occurrence of this disease in colony situations. Tyzzer’s disease typically affects gerbils that are stressed by weaning, shipping and adjusting to new environments. Strict sanitation prior to introduction of new animals is important in preventing outbreaks.

Special thanks to Drs Harkness and Wagner, Dr. Bobby Collins and Drs Wagner and Farrar whose published information on this subject was compiled to produce this paper.
© 2004 Midwest Bird and Exotic Animal Hospital